基坑施工中的地下水處理及工程實例.rar

前言
當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)深度在天然地下水位以下時，在基礎(chǔ)施工中常常會遇到地下水的處理問題。一般認(rèn)為，基坑開挖要具備以下的必要條件：首先保持基坑干燥狀態(tài)，創(chuàng)造有利于施工的環(huán)境；其次是確保邊坡穩(wěn)定，做到安全施工，如果忽視這些必要條件，其后果是嚴(yán)重的。有的基坑積水或土質(zhì)稀軟，工人難以立足，無法施工；有的出現(xiàn)“流砂現(xiàn)象”導(dǎo)致邊坡塌方，地質(zhì)破壞；有的內(nèi)部基坑土體發(fā)生較大的位移，影響鄰近建筑物的安全。之所以會出現(xiàn)這些異常情況，都是由地下水引起的。所以，在基坑施工中應(yīng)對地下水的處理給予應(yīng)有的重視。

一、 地下水的人工處理
地下水的處理有多種可行的方法，從降水方式來說可總分為止水法和排水法兩大類。止水法，即通過有效手段，在基坑周圍形成止水帷幕，將地下水止于基坑之外，如沉井法、灌漿法、地下連續(xù)墻等；排水法是將基坑范圍內(nèi)地表水與地下水排除，如明溝排水、井點降水等。
止水法相對來說成本較高，施工難度較大；井點降水施工簡便、操作技術(shù)易于掌握，是—種行之有效的現(xiàn)代化施工方法，已廣泛應(yīng)用。本文結(jié)合工程實例對井點降水法作一簡要介紹。
井點降水法，它是在擬建工程的基坑周圍設(shè)能滲水的井點管，配置一定的抽水設(shè)備，不間斷地將地下水抽走
Preface
When the foundation depth below the natural water table, often in basic construction problems encountered in the treatment of groundwater. Is generally believed that excavation should have the following necessary conditions: first, to maintain foundation dry state, to create an environment conducive to construction; followed to ensure stability, to achieve security, construction, ignore these necessary conditions, the consequences are serious of. Some pit water or soil softer and workers to gain a foothold, not construction; some a "quicksand phenomenon" lead to slope landslides, geological damage; some of the soil within the pit, large-displacement, affecting adjacent buildings safety. The reason why these anomalies occur are caused by groundwater. Therefore, groundwater in the foundation excavation should pay due attention to the treatment.

I. Artificial groundwater treatment
There are several possible water treatment methods can score from the precipitation method for water law and water law up to two categories. Sealing method, that is through effective means, waterproof curtain formed around the pit, the pit stop outside the ground, such as the open caisson method, grouting, diaphragm walls, etc.; drainage method is to pit the surface water area in the Mainland and water exclusion, such as the open ditch drainage, dewatering, etc..
Sealing method is relatively costly, difficult construction; Dewatering simple operation technology easy to master, is - kind of effective modern construction methods, has been widely applied. With practical examples of the wells to make a brief introduction.
Wells, which is located around the proposed excavation works well point to water seepage, configure some pumping equipment, uninterrupted take away the groundwater
 

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