地基與基礎工程施工工藝匯集.doc

地基與基礎工程
第一節    灰土工程
灰土工程是將基礎底面下要求范圍內的軟弱土層挖去，用一定比例的石灰與土，在最優含水量情況下，充分拌合，分層回填夯實或壓實而成。灰土具有一定的強度、水穩定性和抗滲性，施工工藝簡單，取材容易，費用較低，是一種應用廣泛、經濟、實用的地基加固方法。本工藝標準適用于基坑(槽)、管溝、室內地坪、室外散水等基礎、墊層或防滲層的灰土工程。
一、材料要求
1．土料
采用就地挖出的粘性土及塑性指數大于4的粉土，不得含有有機雜質或使用耕植土；土料應過篩，其顆粒不應大于15mm。
2．石灰
應用Ⅲ級以上新鮮的塊灰，使用前1～2d消解并過篩．其顆粒不得大于5mm，不得夾有未熟化的生石灰塊粒及其他雜質，也不得含有過多的水分。
二、主要機具設備
1．機械設備
蛙式打夯機、壓路機；運轄設備有：翻斗汽車、1．5t機動翻斗車。
2．主要工具 
鐵鍬、鐵耙、量斗、水桶、膠管、噴壺、鐵篩(孔徑為5mm、15mm)以及手推膠輪車等。
三、作業條件  
1．鋪灰前，應先行釬探．并按設計要求處理完地基，辦完驗槽隱蔽檢查手續。基礎外側打灰土，應對基礎或地下防水層、保護層進行檢查，并辦完隱蔽檢查驗收手續。
2．基礎砌筑砂漿和現澆混凝土應達到規定的強度。
Foundation Engineering
Section lime works
Lime project is required under the bottom foundation of soft soil layer within the dredged, with a certain proportion of lime and soil water content in the best case, the full mixing, compaction or compacted backfill layer formed. Lime has a certain strength, stability and impermeability of water, the construction process is simple, drawing is easy and low cost, is a widely used, economical and practical method of foundation reinforcement. This technology is applicable to pit (tank), trench, indoor floors, outdoor bulk water and other infrastructure, or impervious layer of dust cushion construction.
1, material requirements
1. Earth material
Use of locally dug clay and plastic index greater than 4, silt, shall not contain organic impurities or cropping soil; soil material to be sifted, the particles should not exceed 15mm.
2. Lime
Application Ⅲ fresh block gray level and above, using the former 1 ~ 2d digestion and sieving. The particles no larger than 5mm, no there are the immature grains of the caustic lime and other impurities, and shall not contain excessive moisture.
Second, the main machinery equipment
1. Machinery and equipment
Frog tampers, rollers; shipped jurisdiction equipment: dump cars, 1.5t motor dumpers.
2. Main tool
Spade, iron rake, volume bucket, bucket, hose, watering can, iron sieve (aperture of 5mm, 15mm) and push rubber tire vehicles.
Third, the operating conditions
1. Shop ash, should first drill exploration. Processed in accordance with design requirements of the foundation, after finishing tank inspection cover clearance. The basis of lateral play dust, should base or underground waterproof layer, protective layer inspection, and after finishing cover inspection and acceptance procedures.
2. Based mortar and place concrete should achieve the required strength.

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